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The Technische Universität Berlin, known as TU Berlin for short and unofficially as the Technical University of Berlin or Berlin Institute of Technology, is a research university located in Berlin, Germany and one of the largest and most prestigious research and education institutions in Germany. The university was founded in 1879. It has the highest proportion of foreign students out of universities in Germany, with 20.9% in the summer semester of 2007, roughly 5,598 students. The university alumni and professor list include National Academies elections,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National Academy of Sciences )〕 two National Medal of Science laureates〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Eugene Wigner - Biographical )〕〔Wernher von Braun〕 and ten Nobel Prize winners.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carl Bosch - Biographical )〕 The TU Berlin is a member of TU9, an incorporated society of the largest and most notable German institutes of technology and of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe〔(T.I.M.E. – Top Industrial Managers for Europe )〕 network, which allows for student exchanges between leading European engineering schools. It also belongs to the Conference of European Schools for Advanced Engineering Education and Research. As of 2013, TU Berlin is ranked 41st (2012: 45th) in the world in the field of Engineering & Technology and 1st in Germany (46th worldwide) in Mathematics according to QS World University Rankings. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=QS World University Rankings by Faculty 2013 - Engineering and Technology )〕 〔(QS WORLD UNIVERSITY RANKINGS BY SUBJECT 2013 - MATHEMATICS )〕 The university is known for its high ranked engineering programmes, especially in mechanical engineering and engineering management.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CHE Ranking: CHE Hochschulranking, Vielfältige Exzellenz, Bachelor-/Master-Praxis-Check )〕 ==History== The ''Technische Hochschule Berlin'' was formed on 1 April 1879 through the amalgamation of the Berlin College of Civil Engineering (Bauakademie) and the Royal College for Vocational Studies (''Königliche Gewerbeakademie''), two independent Prussian founding colleges established in 1799 and 1821 respectively. Both colleges were merged by the Prussian government to form the "Royal Polytechnic University in Charlottenburg", named after the borough of Charlottenburg just outside Berlin where the Polytechnic was situated. Due to the efforts by professor Alois Riedler and Adolf Slaby, chairman of the Association of German Engineers (VDI) and the Association for Electrical, Electronic and Information Technologies (VDE), in 1899 the "Royal Technical College" was the first ''Technische Hochschule'' in Germany that awarded a doctorate, as well as the ''Diplom'' as standard degree for graduates. In 1916 the long-standing ''Bergakademie Berlin'', the Prussian mining academy created by the geologist Carl Abraham Gerhard in 1770 at the behest of King Frederick the Great, was assimilated into the "Polytechnic University in Berlin". Before becoming a part of the ''TU Berlin'', the mining college had been, however, for several decades under the auspices of the Frederick William University (the present-day Humboldt University of Berlin), before it was spun out again in 1860. After Charlottenburg's absorption into Greater Berlin in 1920 and Germany being turned into a Republic, the college became eventually known as the "Polytechnic University in Berlin". In 1927 the department of Geodesy of the "Agricultural College of Berlin" was incorporated into the "Berlin Polytechnic". During the 1930s, the redevelopment and expansion of the campus along the "East-West axis" were part of the Nazi plans of a ''Welthauptstadt Germania'', including a new faculty of defense technology under General Karl Becker, built as part of greater ''Hochschulstadt'' university grounds in the western Grunewald forest. The shell construction remained unfinished after the outbreak of World War II and Becker's suicide in 1940, it is today covered by the large-scale Teufelsberg dumping. The north section of the main building of the university was destroyed during a bombing raid in November 1943.〔https://www.tu-berlin.de/fileadmin/a70100710/Dokumentationen/Geschichte/UB_TU_125Jahre_20091013_booklet_s30-38.pdf〕 Due to the street fighting at the end of the Second World War, the operations at the "Polytechnic University in Berlin" were suspended as of April, 20th 1945. Planning for the re-opening of the school began on June, 2nd 1945, once the acting rectorship led by Gustav Ludwig Hertz and Max Volmer was appointed. As both Hertz and Volmer remained in exile in the Soviet Union for some time to come, the college was not re-inaugurated until April, 9th 1946, now bearing the name of "Technische Universität Berlin". In general, the name is not translated into other languages. The English term ''Berlin Institute of Technology'' is a semi-official translation which was established as a compromise in 2007. Nevertheless, the intuitive translation ''Technical University of Berlin'' remains the most common (although not official) name for the university in English, with the possible exception of the native German description (and of course the short form of ''TU Berlin''). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Technical University of Berlin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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